Food Poisoning Explained: Common Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
Food poisoning is one of the most common digestive health issues that people experience, especially in countries like India where climatic conditions, food handling practices, and hygiene can vary greatly. It occurs when you consume food or beverages contaminated with harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites, or toxins produced by them.
While many cases of food poisoning resolve on their own, some can lead to serious dehydration, severe infections, or other complications. Understanding its causes, recognising symptoms early, and knowing the right treatment options can help you recover faster and prevent future episodes.
Dr. Mukesh Nandal, Senior Consultant at Atharva Polyclinic, Sector 10A, Gurgaon, and Narayana Hospital, Gurgaon, explains the key facts about food poisoning and how timely care from an experienced gastroenterologist in Gurgaon can make a big difference in recovery.
What is Food Poisoning?
Food poisoning is an illness caused by consuming contaminated food or drinks. Contamination can happen at any stage – during food production, processing, storage, or preparation. Even a small amount of contaminated food can cause symptoms if the pathogen or toxin load is high.
The severity of food poisoning depends on the type of contaminant, the amount consumed, and the person’s overall health and immunity. Children, elderly individuals, and those with weakened immunity are more vulnerable to complications.
Common Causes of Food Poisoning
During his practice as a gastroenterologist in Gurgaon, Dr. Nandal observes that the most common causes include:
1. Bacterial Contamination
- Salmonella: Often found in raw eggs, poultry, and unpasteurised milk.
- E. coli: Commonly linked to undercooked meat and contaminated water.
- Listeria: Found in unpasteurised dairy products and certain processed meats.
2. Viral Infections
- Norovirus: A leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide, spread through contaminated food, water, or surfaces.
- Hepatitis A: Spread through contaminated food or water, especially in areas with poor sanitation.
3. Parasitic Infections
- Giardia and Cryptosporidium: Common in untreated or contaminated water sources.
4. Toxins
- Produced by bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus or Clostridium botulinum, causing rapid onset of symptoms.
5. Poor Food Handling and Storage
- Improper refrigeration
- Cross-contamination between raw and cooked foods
- Unhygienic cooking environments
Symptoms of Food Poisoning
Symptoms can appear within hours or days after consuming contaminated food. Common signs include:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhoea (sometimes with blood)
- Abdominal cramps and pain
- Fever and chills
- Fatigue and weakness
- Dehydration (dry mouth, dizziness, reduced urination)
If symptoms are severe or prolonged, immediate medical attention is necessary to prevent serious complications.
When to See a Doctor for Food Poisoning
While mild food poisoning often improves within a day or two, you should consult a gastroenterologist in Gurgaon if you experience:
- Persistent high fever (above 101°F / 38.3°C)
- Blood in stools or vomit
- Signs of dehydration (extreme thirst, confusion, fainting)
- Severe abdominal pain
- Symptoms lasting more than 3 days
Food Poisoning Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the cause, severity, and overall health of the patient. Dr. Mukesh Nandal, with years of experience in food poisoning treatment in Gurgaon, follows a personalised approach that may include:
1. Hydration Therapy
Rehydrating the body is the first priority. Oral rehydration salts (ORS) or electrolyte solutions replace lost fluids and minerals. In severe cases, intravenous (IV) fluids are necessary.
2. Dietary Adjustments
Patients are advised to eat bland, easy-to-digest foods like rice, bananas, toast, and boiled potatoes. Fatty, spicy, and dairy-rich foods are avoided until full recovery.
3. Medications
- Antibiotics (only when bacterial infection is confirmed)
- Antiemetics to control vomiting
- Antidiarrheal medicines (only when prescribed, as they can sometimes prolong infection)
4. Treatment of Underlying Causes
If a specific pathogen is identified, targeted treatment is given to address the infection and prevent recurrence.
Preventing Food Poisoning
Prevention is always better than cure, especially for a condition as unpleasant as food poisoning. Key preventive measures include:
- Ensure Safe Water: Drink boiled or filtered water, especially when travelling.
- Cook Food Thoroughly: Ensure meats, eggs, and seafood are fully cooked.
- Practice Kitchen Hygiene: Wash hands before cooking, clean utensils regularly, and separate raw and cooked foods.
- Check Expiry Dates: Avoid consuming expired packaged food or beverages.
- Store Food Properly: Refrigerate perishable items promptly and never leave cooked food at room temperature for long.
Conclusion
Food poisoning can range from mild discomfort to a severe, life-threatening condition. Recognising early symptoms, staying hydrated, and seeking timely medical care are crucial steps for a quick recovery.
If you or a loved one experiences severe or prolonged digestive issues after eating, consult Dr. Mukesh Nandal, Senior Consultant at Atharva Polyclinic and Narayana Hospital. As a highly trusted gastroenterologist in Gurgaon, he provides expert food poisoning treatment in Gurgaon using a patient-focused, evidence-based approach.
